3,376
edits
Changes
touch up edits
== Types of "Tsutome" ==
The "Tsutome"<ref name="TJ"/>, as it is understood in Tenrikyo, refers to the rite that was taught by [[Nakayama Miki|Oyasama]] as a means to bring salvation into reality, which is said to be one of [[Tenri-O-no-Mikoto|God the Parent]]'s main reasons for taking Oyasama as the [[Shrine of God]]. While there are several types of this "Tsutome," the fundamental and significant form which it takes is the Tsutome that is conducted with the [[Jiba]]-[[Kanrodai]] at center. This is the Tsutome that is generally referred to in Tenrikyo Scriptures and texts. In contrast to this "Tsutome," there are the daily services (morning/evening services) that were taught as a means to express one's gratitude and pray to God.
=== A description of the "Tsutome" itself ===
The Tsutome is said to be a component of the "path of single-hearted salvation" along with the Sazuke. However, in contrast to the Sazuke, which was taught as a means to alleviate physical problems, the Tsutome is said to be a path (means) of manifold saving graces that help alleviate situational problems in addition to physical ones. Further, it is taught that the Tsutome does not only alleviate physical conditions and situational problems that are merely taking place at the moment, but also invites the "marvelous salvation" of good health, rich harvests, and peace in society to allow the world to be rebuilt into the world of the [[Joyous Life]]. The Tsutome is conducted with the Jiba-Kanrodai at center every 26th of the month as either a [[Grand Service]] or [[Monthly Service]] of [[Church Headquarters|Tenrikyo Church Headquarters]]. (The Tsutome is also conducted on New Year's Day and April 18 as the [[Oyasama Birth Celebration Service]].)<ref name="Fukaya"/>
The Tsutome consists of dancing to the accompaniment of singing and nine [[musical instruments]]. The Songs accompanying the Tsutome is referred to as the [[Mikagura-uta]] (''The Songs for the Service''), one of the [[Scriptures|Three Scriptures]] of Tenrikyo.
The Tsutome is composed of two components: the "[[Kagura Service|Kagura]]" and "Teodori."
===Kagura Service===The Kagura (also referred to as the Kagura Service) specifically refers to a ritual in which ten dancers -- five dancers—five men and five women -- dance women—dance with the Jiba-Kanrodai at center while representing each of the [[Providence#Ten Aspects of God's Providence|ten aspects of God the Parent's complete providence]]. Each dancer wears a [[kagura masks|mask ]] (either one of two lion masks, four men's masks, or four women's masks). Some dancers wear other specific apparel according to their position. Each dancer dances specific hand movements that symbolically express the aspect of God's providence that they have been assigned to represent.
!style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| Description of mask and accompanying apparel<ref name="TPJ"/>
|-
|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| ''[[Kunitokotachi-no-Mikoto]]''
|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| A male lion mask with open mouth and white hair. A sash hanging from the mask is fastened to the wrist of ''Taishokuten''.
|-
|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| ''[[Omotari-no-Mikoto]]''
|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| A female lion mask with closed mouth and black hair. Three sashes from the mask are fastened to the wrists of ''Kumoyomi'', ''Kashikone'', and ''Otonobe''.
|-
|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| ''[[Kunisazuchi-no-Mikoto]]''
|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| A female mask. A figure of a turtle is strapped to the back of the dancer.
|-
|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| ''[[Tsukiyomi-no-Mikoto]]''
|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| A male tengu mask. A figure of an orca (''shachi'') is strapped to the back of the dancer.
|-
|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| ''[[Kumoyomi-no-Mikoto]]''
|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| A female mask. A sash from the mask of ''Omotari'' is tied to the wrist of this dancer.
|-
|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| ''[[Kashikone-no-Mikoto]]''
|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| A male mask. A sash from the mask of ''Omotari'' is tied to the wrist of this dancer.
|-
|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| ''[[Taishokuten-no-Mikoto]]''
|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| A female mask. A sash from the mask of ''Kunitokotachi'' is tied to the wrist of this dancer.
|-
|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| ''[[Otonobe-no-Mikoto]]''
|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| A male mask. A sash from the mask of ''Omotari'' is tied to the wrist of this dancer.
|-
|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| ''[[Izanagi-no-Mikoto]]''
|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| A male mask with a hexagonal headpiece.
|-
|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| ''[[Izanami-no-Mikoto]]''
|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| A female mask with a hexagonal headpiece.
|}
The Kagura Zutome Service is considered to be a reenactment of God's creation of human beings and its performance is believed to help manifest God's providence that was present at creation so it is directed for the purpose of human salvation. The Kagura is accompanied by the
[[Songs for the Kagura]]. Section one (''Ashiki o harōte'') is repeated 21 times, section two (''Choto hanashi'') is performed once, and section three (''Ichiretsu sumasu Kanrodai'') is repeated in three sets of sevens for a total of 21 times.
The Kagura comprises one shift (the first of three) of the Tsutome. Service dancers and performers of the musical instruments (six men and three women for a total of nine) rotate or switch with others with each shift.
The Teodori is performed after the Kagura. The Teodori is danced by six other dancers -- three dancers—three men and three women -- in women—in a single line. Dancers wear a black crested ''kimono'' (''montsuki''). Unlike the Kagura, they do not wear masks. The Teodori is accompanied by the and sections four and five of the Mikagura-uta (better known, respectively, as the [[Eight Verses of Yorozuyo]] and the [[Twelve Songs]]). Yorozuyo and Songs One to Six comprise the second shift of the Tsutome while Songs Seven to Twelve comprise the third and final shift.
Among the forms of the Kagura Zutome Service that were taught by Oyasama, there are eleven that happen to be prayers performed for the purpose of specific blessings that have their own distinct Song for the Kagura and hand movements. That is, they are each different from the main form of the Kagura that is performed as the Kagura at Grand/Monthly Services at Church Headquarters. The eleven different Services are:
:Service for Safe Childbirth
=== Tsutome at regional churches ===
It is a convention in official English documents to refer to the "Tsutome" performed at regional [[churches]] as "services" (lower-case) in contrast to the "Services" (upper-case) conducted at Jiba or Tenrikyo Church Headquarters.<ref name="TH"/> The performance of the Kagura is limited to Jiba and is not performed at regional churches due to a two particular [[Osashizu]] that instructed that the implements representing human creation (understood to mean the masks used for of the Kagura never Service) were not to be used elsewhereanywhere but Jiba.<ref name="Os"/>
The "[[seated service]]" is performed in place of the Kagura at regional churches with six dancers -- three dancers—three men, three women -- a women—a convention that is based on a passage from the Osashizu that goes, "The six fundamental [aspects represent] a single truth; this is where I begin [granting My] providence" (''rokudai hitotsu no ri, sore yori ri o hajimeru'').<ref name="Os2"/>
While the Songs for the seated service are repeated 21 times for the section one and performed once for the section two like the Kagura at Church Headquarters, the section three is repeated in three sets of threes for a total of nine times. The seated service is then followed by the Teodori. Church grand/monthly services are performed in the same three shifts in the same manner as they are done at Church Headquarters.
=== Daily tsutome ===
=== Other "tsutome" ===
On top of Services that are conducted regularly on a daily and monthly basis, the Tsutome can be also be performed as needed as a "[[prayer service]]" or "[[thanksgiving service]]." The forms which these services take differ according to the situation -- they situation—they may be performed in the same way a monthly service is performed with a full set of dancers, instruments, and singers -- or singers—or with just a few instruments (a service with two people at wooden clappers and counter and everyone else doing the seated service is a common form) or even on an individual basis.
Another common service is a ''[[yohaishiki]]'' ("service from afar") held on the 26th for followers who are unable to return to Jiba for Grand/Monthly Services at Tenrikyo Church Headquarters. Finally, some services, such as those performed at regional Women's, Young Men's, and Boys and Girls conventions are referred to as "[[service practices]]."
== Further reading ==
*Morishita, Saburo S. 2001. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=oo-Zq8J_53sC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Teodori:+Cosmological+Building+and+Social+Consolidation&ei=vHzFS62oDI6mlQSxyqzaDQ&cd=1#v=onepage&q&f=false Teodori: Cosmological Building and Social Consolidation in a Ritual Dance]'', pp. 3-43–4; 121-124121–124.
*[[Shozen Nakayama|Nakayama Shōzen]]. 1957. "Tsutome." In ''Zoku Hitokoto hanashi sono ni'', pp. 109–158 109–58 ([https://docs.google.com/document/d/1SGLU65o9BWWXko1pNsszxg-3ezR8waGPRhzIW8ZpTCA/edit?hl=en&authkey=CJyk97cD# link to online translation])
== External links ==
(pages nos. refer to hardcopy equivalent)
*Fukaya, Yoshikazu. "Service," "Service of the Kanrodai -- Stand Kanrodai—Stand of the Heavenly Dew," "Kagura Service -- Joyous Service—Joyous Service") ''[http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/pub/words_of_the_path.html Words of the Path: A Guide to Tenrikyo Terms and Expressions]''. [[Overseas Department|Tenrikyo Overseas Department]], pp. 34-3534–35; 35-3635–36; 36-37 36–37 ([http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/tt5/service.html online version]).
*_________. "Salvation Service." ''Words of the Path'', [http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/tt5/tasukezutome.html pp. 37-3837–38].
*_________. "Main Service." ''Words of the Path'', [http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/tt5/hon_zutome.html pp. 40-4240–42].
*_________. "Service practice." ''Words of the Path'', [http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/tt5/manabi.html pp. 42-4342–43].
*_________. "Tenrikyo Services." ''Words of the Path'', [http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/en/newsletter/html/tt5/saiten.html pp. 188-191188–191]. *highly recommended reading
*Nakayama, Zenye. ''[http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/pub/Q_A.html Growing Spiritually Day by Day]''. [[Overseas Department|Tenrikyo Overseas Mission Department]], [http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/tt2/service2-1.html pp. 29-4029–40].
*''[http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/pub/Q_A.html Questions and Answers about Tenrikyo]''. Tenrikyo Overseas Department, [http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/tt10/service.html pp. 53-6053–60].
*Tenrikyo Church HQ official website: "[http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/en/teaching/teachings/service.html Kagura Service]"
*''[http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/pub/tpj.html Tenrikyo: The Path to Joyousness]''. Tenrikyo Overseas Mission Department, [http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/tt6/salvation_service.html pp. 18-2118–21].
*''[http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/pub/yg.html Yoboku's Guide to Tenrikyo]''. Tenrikyo Overseas Department, [http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/tt7/service.html pp. 56-5756–57].
== Notes ==
<references>
<ref name="D">''[[The Doctrine of Tenrikyo]]'' (tenth edition). Tenrikyo Church Headquarters, p. 18.([[Doctrine 2|online version]])</ref>
<ref name="Spahn Hadamitzky">Spahn, Mark and Hadamitzky, Wolfgang. Japanese Character Dictionary. Tokyo: Nichigai Associates, p. 299.</ref>
<ref name="?">*citation needed</ref>
<ref name="TJ">Unless otherwise noted, subsequent text on this page is largely based on the entry "o-tsutome," ''Kaitei Tenrikyō jiten'', edited by [[Oyasato Institute for the Study of Religion|Tenri Daigaku Oyasato Kenkyūsho]]. Tenri: Tenrikyō Dōyūsha, pp. 556-559556–559. For English equivalent, see ''[[A Glossary of Tenrikyo Terms]]'', pp. 375–382.</ref>
<ref name="Fukaya">Fukaya, Yoshikazu. ''[http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/pub/words_of_the_path.html Words of the Path: A Guide to Tenrikyo Terms and Expressions]'', p. 189.</ref>
<ref name="TPJ">Information in this table from ''[http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/pub/tpj.html Tenrikyo: The Path to Joyousness]'', p. 151.</ref>
<ref name="LO">One particular account is noted in ''[[The Life of Oyasama]], Foundress of TenrikyoTenrikyo—Manuscript Edition'' -- Manuscript Edition, (third edition). Tenrikyo Church Headquarters, pp. 187-192187–192.</ref>
''
<ref name="TH">''Translation Handbook''. Tenrikyo Overseas Mission Department, p. 88.</ref>
<ref name="Os">See [[Osashizu 1889-03-31-09]] and [[Osashizu 1889-03-31]].</ref>
<ref name="web">For a list of these times, see ''[http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/pub/yg.html Yoboku's Guide to Tenrikyo]'', p. 83 or to the "[http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/international/?page_id=13 International Web Site of Tenrikyo]."</ref>
<ref name="A">''[[Anecdotes of Oyasama59]], Foundress of Tenrikyo'', [http://tenrikyology.com/user/roy/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=366:59-festival&Itemid=31 no. 59].</ref>