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The '''Service''' (''Tsutome'') refers to the central rite in [[Tenrikyo]] and, along with the [[Sazuke]], considered as one of the two main components of what is called the "[[path of single-hearted salvation]]."<ref name="D">''[[The Doctrine of Tenrikyo]]'' (tenth edition), p. 18. ([[Doctrine 2|online version]])</ref>
The Tsutome consists of dancing to the accompaniment of singing and nine [[musical instruments]]. The Songs accompanying the Tsutome is referred to as the [[Mikagura-uta]] (''The Songs for the Service''), one of the [[Three Scriptures]] of Tenrikyo.
== Analysis of the word "Tsutome" ==
Often preceded in Japanese with the honorific prefix "''o''" [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BE%A1#Japanese 御], it is a convention in Tenrikyo to write "''o-Tsutome''" in [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/japanese_hiragana.htm ''hiragana'']: おつとめ. The [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/japanese_kanji.htm ''kanji''] that is most commonly associated with the term is [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8B%A4 勤], which is a character that means "religious service" when applied as a noun or "work for, be employed by, serve" when applied as a verb.<ref name=">Spahn , Mark and Hadamitzky"/> It may be notable to add that other religious , Wolfgang. Japanese traditions also refer to some of their rites as "''tsutome''Character Dictionary. Tokyo: Nichigai Associates, p. 299."<ref name="?"/ref>
It may be notable to add that other religious Japanese traditions also refer to some of their rites as "''tsutome''."<ref>Just one example is ''An Introduction to Otsutome: Daily Devotion of Jōdo Shū'' by Rev. Kenjo S. Urakami.</ref>
== Types of "Tsutome" ==
The "Tsutome"<ref name=>Unless otherwise noted, subsequent text on this page is largely based on the entry 「おつとめ」 "TJo-tsutome,"『改訂天理教辞典』 ''Kaitei Tenrikyō jiten'', pp. 556–559. For English equivalent, see ''[[A Glossary of Tenrikyo Terms]]'', pp. 375–382.</ref>, as it is understood in Tenrikyo, refers to the rite that was taught by [[Nakayama Miki|Oyasama]] as a means to bring salvation into reality, which is said to be one of [[God the Parent]]'s main reasons for taking Oyasama as the [[Shrine of God]].
While there are several types of this "Tsutome," the fundamental and significant form which it takes is the Kagura Service that is conducted with the [[Jiba]]-[[Kanrodai]] at center.
Further, it is taught that the Tsutome does not only alleviate physical conditions and situational problems that are merely taking place at the moment, but also invites the "marvelous salvation" of good health, rich harvests, and peace in society to allow the world to be rebuilt into the world of the [[Joyous Life]].
The Tsutome is conducted with the Jiba-Kanrodai at center every 26th of the month as either a [[Grand Service]] or [[Monthly Service]] of [[Tenrikyo Church Headquarters]]. (The Tsutome is also conducted on New Year's Day and April 18 as the [[Oyasama Birth Celebration Service]].)<ref name=">Fukaya", Yoshikazu. ''[[Words of the Path]]: A Guide to Tenrikyo Terms and Expressions'', p. 189.</ref>
While the Service also includes foot movements, the dance itself is referred to as "''Tsutome no te''" (literally, the hand [movements] of the Service), "(''o-'')''tefuri''" (hand gestures/movements), or "[[Teodori]]" (literally, "hand dance" but officially rendered in English as "the Dance with Hand Movements"). Due to the fact the hand movements of the Tsutome are considered as physical expressions of the content and meaning of the Songs, the act of dancing and making these hand movements are referred to as "dancing/gesturing the truth."
!width="150"| Aspect of God's providence
! Position
! Description of mask and accompanying apparel<ref name="TPJ">Information in this table from ''[http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/pub/tpj.html Tenrikyo: The Path to Joyousness]'', p. 151.</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kunitokotachi-no-Mikoto]]''
Among the forms of the Kagura Service that were taught by Oyasama, there are eleven that happen to be prayers performed for the purpose of specific blessings that have their own distinct Song for the Kagura and hand movements. That is, they are each different from the main form of the Kagura that is performed as the Kagura at Grand/Monthly Services at Church Headquarters.
Although Oyasama taught these [[eleven different Services]], there are no records of several of them of ever being performed. While there are records of the [[Service of Rain]] being performed during Oyasama's lifetime<ref name="LO">One particular account is noted in ''[[The Life of Oyasama]]'', pp. 187–192.</ref>, only the [[Service for Safe Childbirth]] and the [[Service for Germination]] are conducted at Tenrikyo Church Headquarters today.
=== Tsutome at regional churches ===
It is a convention in official English documents to refer to the "Tsutome" performed at regional churches as "services" (lower-case) in contrast to the "Services" (upper-case) conducted at Jiba or Tenrikyo Church Headquarters.<ref name="TH">''Translation Handbook''. Tenrikyo Overseas Mission Department, p. 88.</ref> The performance of the Kagura is limited to Jiba and is not performed at regional churches due to two particular [[Osashizu]] that instructed that the implements representing human creation (understood to mean the masks of the Kagura Service) were not to be used anywhere but Jiba.<ref name="Os"/> The "See [[seated serviceOsashizu 1889-03-31-09:30]]" is performed in place of the Kagura at regional churches with six dancers—three men, three women—a convention that is based on a passage from the Osashizu that goes, "The six fundamental and [aspects represent] a single truth; this is where I begin [granting MyOsashizu 1889-03-31]] providence" (''rokudai hitotsu no ri, sore yori ri o hajimeru'').</ref name="Os2"/>
The "[[seated service]]" is performed in place of the Kagura at regional churches with six dancers—three men, three women—a convention that is based on a passage from the Osashizu that goes, "The six fundamental [aspects represent] a single truth; this is where I begin [granting My] providence" (''rokudai hitotsu no ri, sore yori ri o hajimeru'').<ref>Previously unpublished translation of [[Osashizu 1889-05-25]]. Original can be found in 1:426.</ref>
While the Songs for the seated service are repeated 21 times for section one and performed once for section two like the Kagura at Church Headquarters, section three is repeated in three sets of threes for a total of nine times. The seated service is then followed by the Teodori. Church grand/monthly services are performed in the same three shifts in the same manner as they are done at Church Headquarters.
Morning and evening services are performed daily at Tenrikyo Church Headquarters and regional churches. These daily services mainly consists of the performance of the seated service. Unlike Monthly Services where positions for the dancers, nine instruments, and singers (three at Church Headquarters; regional churches vary between one to three) are set up, only five positions are set up: ''[[hyoshigi]]'' (wooden clappers), ''[[kazutori]]'' (counter), ''[[chanpon]]'' (cymbals), ''[[taiko]]'' (large drum), and ''[[surigane]]'' (gong).
Daily services at Church Headquarters are usually timed near sunup and sundown; they tend to change throughout the year by 15 or 30 minute increments on the 1st and 15th on each month.<ref name=>For a list of these times, see ''[[Yoboku's Guide to Tenrikyo]]'', p. 83 or to the "web[http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/eng/?page_id=77 International Web Site of Tenrikyo]."</ref>
=== Other "tsutome" ===
*''tsukinami-sai'' = "monthly service"
Oyasama is also said to have explained that a festival (matsuri) has the meaning of the principle (''ri'') of waiting (''matsu'').<ref name="A">[[Anecdotes of Oyasama 59]].</ref>
== See also ==
*[[Doctrine 2|''The Doctrine of Tenrikyo Ch. '', [[Doctrine 2|Chapter Two: The Path of Single-hearted Salvation]]*''The Life of Oyasama'', [[Life of Oyasama Chapter 5|The Life of Oyasama Ch. 5Chapter Five: The Salvation Service]]*''The Life of Oyasama'', [[Life of Oyasama Chapter 8-2#The Service|Chapter Eight: Parental Love, pp. 124–131.]]*[[Mikagura-uta]]
== Further reading ==
*Morishita, Saburo S. 2001. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=oo-Zq8J_53sC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Teodori:+Cosmological+Building+and+Social+Consolidation&ei=vHzFS62oDI6mlQSxyqzaDQ&cd=1#v=onepage&q&f=false Teodori: Cosmological Building and Social Consolidation in a Ritual Dance]'', pp. 3–4; 121–124.
*中山正善 [[Shozen Nakayama|Nakayama ShōzenShozen]]. 1957. 「つとめ」 "Tsutome." 『続 ひとことはなし その二』 In ''Zoku Hitokoto hanashi sono ni'', pp. 109–58 ([https://docs.google.com/document/d/1SGLU65o9BWWXko1pNsszxg-3ezR8waGPRhzIW8ZpTCA/edit?hl=en&authkey=CJyk97cD# link to online translation])
== External links ==
(Note: pages nos. refer to hardcopy equivalent)
*Fukaya, Yoshikazu. "Service," "Service of the Kanrodai—Stand of the Heavenly Dew," "Kagura Service—Joyous Service") ''[http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/pub/words_of_the_path.html [Words of the Path]]: A Guide to Tenrikyo Terms and Expressions]''. [[Overseas Department|Tenrikyo Overseas Department]], pp. 34–35; 35–36; 36–37 ([http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/tt5/service.html online version]).
*_________. "Salvation Service." ''Words of the Path'', [http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/tt5/tasukezutome.html pp. 37–38].]
*_________. "Main Service." ''Words of the Path'', [http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/tt5/hon_zutome.html pp. 40–42].]
*_________. "Service practice." ''Words of the Path'', [http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/tt5/manabi.html pp. 42–43].]
*_________. "Tenrikyo Services." ''Words of the Path'', [http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/en/newsletter/html/tt5/saiten.html pp. 188–191]. ] *highly recommended reading
*Nakayama, Zenye. ''[http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/pub/Q_A.html [Growing Spiritually Day by Day]]''. [[Overseas Department|Tenrikyo Overseas Mission Department]], [http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaidenka18iden/newsletter/html/tt2/service2-1.html pp. 29–40].]
*''[http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/pub/Q_A.html [Questions and Answers about Tenrikyo]]''. Tenrikyo Overseas Department, [http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/tt10/service.html pp. 53–60].]
*''[[Tenrikyo Church HQ official website: "The Path to Joyousness]]''. Tenrikyo Overseas Mission Department, [http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/enkaiden/teachingnewsletter/teachingshtml/servicett6/salvation_service.html Kagura Servicepp. 18–21.]"
*''[http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/pub/tpj.html Tenrikyo: The Path to Joyousness]''. Tenrikyo Overseas Mission Department, [http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/tt6/salvation_service.html pp. 18–21]. *''[http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/pub/yg.html Yoboku's Guide to Tenrikyo]]''. Tenrikyo Overseas Department, [http://www.tenrikyo.or.jp/kaiden/newsletter/html/tt7/service.html pp. 56–57].]
== Notes ==
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